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Spring Boot Test

Spring Boot Test provides testing utilities and annotations to simplify unit and integration testing of Spring Boot applications. It includes support for mocking, test slices, and embedded test containers for comprehensive testing scenarios.

Key Features

Test Slices

Test only specific layers (Web, Data, Security) without loading the entire application context.

MockMvc

Test web layer without starting a full HTTP server using MockMvc for request/response testing.

TestContainers

Integration with TestContainers for testing with real databases and services in Docker containers.

Auto-configuration

Automatic configuration of test infrastructure including embedded databases and mock beans.

Use Cases

Unit Testing: Testing individual components and services in isolation
Integration Testing: Testing complete workflows with database and external services
Web Layer Testing: Testing REST controllers and endpoints without HTTP server
Repository Testing: Testing data access layer with embedded databases
End-to-End Testing: Testing complete application flows with @SpringBootTest

Example Usage

Web layer test with MockMvc:

@WebMvcTest(UserController.class)
class UserControllerTest {
    
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    
    @MockBean
    private UserService userService;
    
    @Test
    void testGetUser() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(get("/api/users/1"))
            .andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("John"));
    }
}

Integration test with full context:

@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class UserIntegrationTest {
    
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    
    @Test
    void testCreateUser() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/users")
            .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
            .content("{\"name\":\"John\"}"))
            .andExpect(status().isCreated());
    }
}

Dependencies

Add the following dependency:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Test Slices

Use test slices for focused testing:

@DataJpaTest        // Test only JPA components
@WebMvcTest         // Test only web layer
@JsonTest           // Test JSON serialization
@RestClientTest     // Test REST clients